现阶段人多水少、水资源时空分布不均、经济社会发展与水资源分布不协调，以及日益严峻的水污染形势，使得实行合理有效的水资源管理方式成为迫切需求。最严格水资源管理制度作为最新的治水方略，从取水、用水、排水三方面进行严格控制，并形成了与取水、用水、排水和管水相关的制度。通过介绍最严格水资源管理制度的提出背景，解读制度的基本理念，构建制度的理论体系框架，阐述制度形成的指导思想、基本原则、科技支撑、主要内容、理论方法和保障措施，为最严格水资源管理制度的深入研究和实践提供参考依据。

At present, the population increasing with less water, the uneven temporal and spatial distribution of water resources as well as the incoordination between economic society development and water resources distribution constitute the fundamental water regime and the state situation, furthermore, water pollution situation is increasingly serious, making the reasonable and effective implement of water resources management an urgent. As the latest water control strategy, the strictest water resources management system controls strictly on water develop, use as well as drain, forming corresponding system related to those three above sides in addition to water management. This paper introduces the background of the strictest water resources management system, understands the basic philosophy, constructs the theoretical framework of the system, states the guiding ideology of the system, fundamental principles, technological support, main content, theoretical methods as well as Safeguards of the system, providing a reference for in-depth research to the strictest water resources management system in addition to practice.

国家社科基金重大项目（12&ZD215）；国家自然科学基金(51279183；51079132)