基于选取的淮河中上游5条河流，11个断面的典型鱼类调查资料以及长系列（1956年－2000）天然和实测逐月径流数据，运用流速法（最小，平均，最大）、月最小径流法、逐月频率法设定四种生态流量的计算方案。首先，根据Tennant法提出针对丰、平、枯、特枯四种年型和年内汛期、非汛期差异的生径比标准。然后，根据流速法三种计算结果满足生径比标准的情况选取合理的生态流量计算方案。研究表明：5条河流的最小和适宜生径比大小关系均为涡河>沙颍河>淮河干流>淠河>洪汝河；满足生径比标准的难易程度为洪汝河>淮河干流>淠河>沙颍河>涡河。涡河、沙颍河生态需水满足程度低，应提高生态用水比例。

Based on monthly runoff data (1956-2000) and typical fish survey data of 11 sections in 11 rivers on middle and upper reaches of the Huai River, four schemes of calculating minimum and appropriate environmental flow were established by velocity methods ( minimum, average and maximum options), minimum monthly runoff method and month-by-month frequency method. First, the Criterions of REF (ratio of environmental flow to stream flow) aimed at different characteristic hydrological years (wet, normal, dry and extraordinary dry) and hydrological seasons (dry and wet) were put forward on the basis of Tenant method. Then appropriate environmental flow schemes in different hydrological years and seasons were determined by comparing the conformance of velocity methods to the criterions of REF. The results showed that the rank of minimum and appropriate REFs was Wo River, Shaying River, Mainstream of Huai River, Pi River and Hongru River. The level of meeting the REF ranked in the order of Hongru River, Mainstream of Huai River, Pi River, Shaying River and Wo River. The lack of meeting the ecological water demand in Wo and Shaying rivers implied that the proportion of ecological water demand should be improved.

国家自然科学基金面上项目 (51279143)；国家水体污染控制与治理重大专项课题 (2014ZX07204-006)