[关键词]
[摘要]
河道采砂会对附近跨/穿河建筑物的安全造成较大影响。针对实际工程中跨/穿河建筑物周边采砂安全距离的确定问题,搜集整理了国内外对于结构物附近采砂活动的相关规范,对采砂坑迁移及其对河床影响进行了系统地分析和综述,并结合前人的相关理论研究及物理实验研究结果,提出了计算跨/穿河建筑物上游安全采砂距离的公式。该公式可根据水流、泥沙及采沙坑尺寸等特征参数估算采砂坑的迁移影响范围,进而根据实际工程情况确定跨/穿河建筑物周边的安全采砂范围。该公式与现有的实际河道采砂坑迁移观测结果进行了对比验证,结果良好。最后,利用该公式对安阳河河段的倒虹吸工程上游河道采砂安全距离进行了实例分析,为规范工程所在河流上的采砂行为提供参考。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Sand mining in a river is a huge threat to the safety of nearby river-crossing structures. To determine how far a sand mining project would threaten the nearby river-crossing structures, we firstly reviewed the standards about sand mining. Based on theoretical research and physical experiments on sand pit migration and its impact on riverbed, this paper proposed an empirical formula to determine the safe distance for upstream sand mining from river-crossing structures. Based on hydraulic parameters, characteristics of sediment, and the size and geometry of the pit, the proposed formula can calculate the migration of sand pit, and then determine the safe distance. This formula was verified using the observation data in an actual river and the results were acceptable. Finally, the formula was applied to determine the safe distance for the inverted siphon project in Anyang River as a case study, and to provide a reasonable guide for sand mining activities along the river.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAB07B07)