[关键词]
[摘要]
近年来,一种发生速度较快?破坏程度较高?预报难度较大的新干旱类型——“骤发干旱”被提出之后,随着美国2012年特大干旱的爆发,骤发干旱的研究引起了美国社会的高度重视,我国及其他国家的有关研究也迅速展开。本文介绍了骤旱定义的认识及深化过程,由最初定义的热浪型骤发干旱扩展为热浪型骤发干旱与降水短缺型骤发干旱两种。接着从地面气象观测数据为主、实测与模拟土壤含水量为主、遥感分析与解译技术为主三个方面归纳了识别与监测骤发干旱的现有方法。此后总结了骤发干旱发生机理与时空变化特征方面的进展。最后,对骤发干旱的研究前景进行了展望。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
In recent years, a new type of drought, flash drought which is Rapidly developing, hard to predict, and highly damaging, has been proposed. With the outbreak of the 2012 Extremely Severe Drought in the United States, the study of flash drought has been paid remarkable attention in the US. The research of flash drought in other countries, such as China, are being expanded. This paper introduces the connotation of flash drought and its deepening process, which is extended from single heat wave flash drought to both heat wave flash drought and precipitation deficit flash drought.Then, identifying and monitoring methods of flash drought are summarized based on three sources,namely, the ground meteorological data, the measured and simulated soil moisture, and the remote sensing analysis and interpretation technology. Furthermore, The progress of the mechanism and spatiotemporal characteristics of flash drought were concluded. Finally, the prospects of flash drought are proposed.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金(41907384);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(19YJCZH259);中国博士后科学基金(2019M650072);美国NOAA资助项目(NA17OAR4310132)