随着社会经济的发展和人口的增加，我国能源和粮食需求持续增加，水资源短缺对其制约日益显现。为更深入地研究水资源、能源和粮食之间的关系，本文采用实测统计和定额推算相结合的方法，对能源开发利用和粮食生产种植的用水总量和过程进行分析。结果表明：2015年，煤炭开采洗选、火电行业、煤化工行业中的合成氨、炼焦行业的用水量分别占煤炭全生命周期用水量的2.9%~4.4%、90.4%~94.8%、1.5%~2.6%、0.8%~2.7%，煤炭全生命周期用水量合计达506.7~531.5亿m3，占工业用水总量的38.0~39.8%；农田灌溉用水量占农业用水总量的87.7%，实际亩均灌溉用水量394 m3，单位粮食产量的用水量为543.3m3。研究成果可为水、能源、粮食之间的关系提供参考。

With the development of the social economy and the increase of the population, China's energy and food demand continues to increase, and the shortage of water resources is increasingly constrained. In order to study the relationship between water resources, energy and food more deeply, this paper uses a combination of measured statistics and fixed calculations to analyze the total amount of water used in energy development and utilization and food production.The results show that in 2015, the water consumption of synthetic ammonia and coking industry in coal mining and washing, thermal power industry and coal chemical industry accounted for 2.9%~4.4%、90.4%~94.8%、1.5%~2.6%、0.8%~2.7% of the total life cycle of coal, respectively. The total water consumption of coal has reached 506.7~53.15 billion m3, accounting for 38.0~39.8% of the total industrial water consumption; The irrigation water consumption of farmland accounts for 87.7% of the total agricultural water use, the actual irrigation water consumption per mu is 394 m3, and the water consumption per unit of grain output is 543.3m3/t. The research results can provide a reference for the water-energy-food link.

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国家重点研发计划“东北粮食主产区水-能源-粮食纽带关系及保障技术”项目(2017YFC0404603)；山西省水利厅重点项目“山西省采煤对水资源影响的收费补偿政策及关键技术研究”(SXSSLT-SZYC-YJ-2017-01)Funds: National key research and development plan