我国拥有1.8万公里的海岸线，海洋资源丰富，海水淡化是解决水资源短缺，增加淡水资源的根本之道。本文总结了海水淡化的利用情况，深入探究制约海水淡化发展的因素，分析了淡化海水的利用前景。在分析国际海水淡化现状、经验及浙江舟山海水利用经验的基础上，针对我国海水淡化存在的问题，提出了我国海水淡化发展的对策：建议加大技术投入，发展政产学研商模式，降低经济成本；合理规划建设海水淡化项目，提高产能利用；加强对海水综合利用，减少环境污染；加强政策扶持，完善法规标准，不断推进海水淡化产业的发展。

China has a coastline of 18,000 kilometers, rich in marine resources, and desalination is the fundamental way to solve water shortages and increase freshwater resources. This paper summarizes the utilization of seawater desalination, deeply explores the factors that restrict the development of desalination and analyzes the utilization prospects of desalinated seawater. Based on the analysis of the current status and experience of international desalination and the experience of seawater utilization in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, this paper puts forward the countermeasures for the development of seawater desalination in China: it is recommended to increase technical input, develop the model of government, industry, research and research, reduce economic costs, and rationally plan and construct desalination. The project will increase the utilization of production capacity, strengthen the comprehensive utilization of seawater, reduce environmental pollution, strengthen policy support, improve laws and regulations, and continuously promote the development of seawater desalination industry.

国家自然科学(51879010,51479003)。[Foundation items: National Natural Science Foundation, No. 51879010 and 51479003.]第一