随着山丘区小流域山洪灾害防御工作的精准化推进,山丘区河道沿岸局部重点区域(村落、集镇)已经成为山洪灾害重点关注对象。针对沿河村落开展暴雨洪水分析,定位村落内防洪能力最薄弱的居民户,计算成灾水位,分析不同频率洪水水面线下的淹没人口,绘制山洪灾害危险区是山洪灾害防御、预警工作的核心和难点之一。本文针对目前成灾水位和危险区划分存在的问题,根据现场调查和测量资料,综合设计暴雨洪水计算、水位～流量关系计算、点投影、点线关系判断等方法,提出了一种可行的成灾水位计算、受灾人口判定和危险区绘制方法。采用MATLAB编程批量计算,以济南市小李庄村为例进行了应用实践。结果表明,该方法可准确定位防洪能力最薄弱的居民户,计算沿河村落成灾水位,判定居民户与不同频率洪水水面线的关系,从而较为精确的绘制山洪灾害危险区。

With the precision of mountain flood disaster prevention work in the hilly area, the local key areas (villages and towns) in the hilly areas have become the focus of disaster prevention. It is critical and difficult to analysis and calculate the risk of each households in villages along river, determine unified disaster water level, analysis submersed number of people under different frequencies of flood water line and divide danger zone. This paper introduces analytical process of the flood control capacity of village along river, gives the calculating method of water level-river discharge relationship in control section, puts forward a feasible method of calculating the disaster water level and counting number of people in danger zone by point projection and judging point-line relationship. And this method is calculated by taking typical village along river for instance. The results show that this method can ascertain the household that is the weakest in the aspect of flood control capacity by combining field investigation and determine the relationship between households and different frequencies of flood water line, thus the flood control capacity of village along the river can be calculated accurately.

P426.616;TV87

国家科技支撑计划项目课题(2015BAB07B03)；国家青年基金(51409119)；山东省省级水利科研与技术推广项目(SDSLKY201505)Funds:National Science and Technology Support Program(2015BAB07B03)；The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(51409119)；Provincial Water Conservancy Research and Technology Promotion Project in Shandong Province(SDSLKY201505)