水足迹是衡量人类的真实水资源需求的概念，因此通过水足迹研究，能够寻找调整水资源消费模式的切入点，并据此采取相应的措施减少水足迹，提高水资源利用效率。基于上述理论，提出了减少水足迹的水资源管理措施主要有以下几类：提高工业用水效率，调整产业结构和消费模式，发展虚拟水贸易，可以直接降低区域水足迹；提高灌溉水有效利用率，提高绿水利用率可以降低农业水足迹；通过加强非传统水资源特别是再生水、海水、雨水的利用，可以提高水资源重复利用，间接降低水足迹。因此建议在流域上利用水足迹理论，将水资源和生态系统整合起来，进行水资源管理。

Water footprint is a concept to identify the actual human water requirements. Based on the study of water footprint, the breakthrough point to adjust the water resources consumption mode is found through the reduction of water footprint and the corresponding measures can be adopted to reduce human water requirements. According to the above theory, several water resources management measures are presented based on the reduction of water footprint. First, the efficiency of industrial water use is improved, the industrial structure and consumption pattern are adjusted, the virtual water trade is developed, and all of these can directly reduce the regional footprint water. Secondly, the improvement of effective utilization rate of irrigation water and utilization rate of green water could reduce the agricultural water footprint. Finally, the enhanced utilization of non-conventional water resources, especially the recycled water, seawater, and rainwater, can improve the reuse of water resources and then indirectly reduce the water footprint. This paper also proposes the suggestions of water resources measures to use the water footprint theory at the river basin scale and then to integrate the water resources and ecosystems.

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2009SD-10)