为了合理有效地开采地下水，科学地设计地下水开采方案非常关键。在陕西省北部神木县境内的合河水源地选择了廊道、辐射井和渗流井3种水平井开采地下水方式，每种方式设计了多种开采方案，其中廊道有20种方案，辐射井有2种，渗流井有2种。利用Visual MODFLOW 软件，以“等效渗透系数”及“渗流-管流耦合模型”为理论基础，对不同方案进行地下水流数值模拟，并分别计算其平水期和枯水期的取水量。考虑枯水期的衰减程度、施工难度、造价及管理的难易程度等多种因素，最终确定“4眼渗流井开采”为最佳方案，其平水期总开采量为35 400 m3/d，枯水期总开采量为27 500 m3/d。

In order to exploit groundwater reasonably and effectively, a scientific designof exploitation plan is very important. In the Hehe water source region of Shenmu Country in the north of Shaanxi province, three groundwater exploitation schemes with horizontal wells were selected including the gallery, radial well, and seepage well. Each scheme had several exploitation plans with 20 plans designed for gallery, 2 for radial well, and 2 for seepage well. Numerical simulations of groundwater flow under different schemes were performed using Visual MODFLOW based on the theories of "equivalent permeability coefficient" and "seepage - pipe coupling model", and the water yields in the normal season and dry season were calculated for each exploitation plan. In consideration of the factors such as the attenuation degree of water yield in the dry season, construction difficulty and cost, and management complexity, the plan of “4 seepage wells to exploit groundwater” was regarded as the best plan. The total water yield was 35400 m3/d in the normal season and 27500 m3/d in the dry season under this exploitation plan in the study area.

国家自然科学基金项目（40972154）