用水结构、排污结构与产业结构之间存在相互影响的关系，因此掌握当前产业用水和排污结构的演变特征对产业结构优化具有重要意义。通过编制江苏省1997年—2007年间考虑用水和排污的可比价IO表，并运用信息熵原理从用水量、排污量、用水特性（包括用水效率和效益）和排污特性（包括排污效率和效益）4个方面分析研究区国民经济各部门用水和排污结构的变化特征。结果表明，1997年—2007年江苏省用水量结构趋于有序发展，均衡度减弱；排污量结构趋于无序发展，均衡度增强；用水特性结构趋于有序，系统整体的均衡度在减弱；排污特性结构变化较为复杂：排污效率和排污效益结构大致呈相反发展态势。

Water use structure, water pollution discharge structure, and industrial structure interact with each other, therefore knowledge of the evolution characteristics of current industrial water use and pollution discharge structure plays an important role in optimizing the industrial structure. In this paper, the comparable price input-output tables considering water use and pollution discharge were developed to analyze the evolution characteristics of water use and pollution discharge structure of Jiangsu Province from 1997 to 2007 from four aspects—water use, water pollution, water use characteristics (water use efficiency and profit), and water pollution characteristics (pollution discharge efficiency and profit) with the application of information entropy theory. The results showed that (1) the water use structure tends to develop orderly and its equilibrium degree has weakened; (2) the development of water pollution discharge structure is out of order and its equilibrium degree has increased; (3) the water use characteristics structure tends to develop orderly, and its equilibrium degree has weakened; and (4) the water pollution efficiency structure is in opposite development compared with the water efficiency structure.

国家自然科学基金（51109055；51279223）；江苏省社会科学基金重点项目（11GLA001）；水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目（201301003；201201022；201001074）