南水北调工程是极具社会公益性，又具经济效益的基础建设工程，其工程特点决定了其主要由国家投入、运营和管理，但由此带来的水价过低、水资源利用效率低下等问题，影响了整个工程水资源的可持续利用。因此，在南水北调水价管理体系中引入水市场理念，运用决策环境分析理论明确市场决策及政府决策在水价定形成中的作用；在结合工程实际的基础上，按照完全成本核算的方法，合理计入资源与环境水价，并在两部制水价的基础上进行水价调整。以“准市场”化模式来完善工程水价的形成机制和管理模式，从而实现南水北调水价机制的可持续发展及水资源的高效配置。

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is an infrastructure engineering project with social public welfare and economic benefit, and its engineering characteristics determine the national investment, operation, and management, which might result in the low water price and low water resources utilization efficiency, and therefore affect the sustainable utilization of water resources. Therefore, the water market concept is introduced into the management system of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the decision-making environment theory is applied to determine the roles of market and government decision-makings in the water price management. According to actual situations of project, water price is formulated based on the method of full cost accounting and the consideration of environment price and resources price. The “quasi-maket” model is used to improve the formulation and management mechanism of engineering water price, which is beneficial for the sustainable development of water price mechanism in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and effective allocation of water resources.