建立水源区生态补偿机制是水资源有偿使用制度的重要内容之一，而生态补偿量的测算与分配是建立补偿机制的重要保障。针对南水北调中线工程核心水源区，从生态保护建设的直接成本和发展机会损失的间接成本出发，结合生态服务功能价值、静态累积、间接计算等多种测算方法，得出：基于水源区生态保护建设和水环境保护治理的直接成本，水源区应获补偿金额为4.4亿元/年；基于发展机会损失的间接成本，水源区应获补偿金额总计为2.8亿元。在此基础上，引入反映地区支付意愿的发展阶段系数和分水比例，共同确定受水区补偿量分配权重系数，计算得到2011年河南省、河北省对十堰市应各补偿1.30亿元，北京市、天津市受水区对十堰市应分别补偿0.50亿元、0.29亿元。

The establishment of ecological compensation mechanism in the water source area is one of the most important contents for the paid utilization system of water resources, and the measurement and calculation of ecological compensation are an important guarantee for the paid utilization system. In this study, the central water source area in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project was selected. The methods such as the ecological service function value, static accumulation, and indirect calculation were used to determine the ecological compensation in this area from the aspects of direct cost of ecological protection construction and indirect cost of development opportunity loss. The results showed that 0.44 billion yuan per year should be compensated according to the direct cost of ecological protection construction and water environment treatment, and a total of 0.28 billion yuan should be compensated according to the indirect cost of development opportunity loss. On the basis, the development stage coefficient and the distribution rate were introduced to compute the distribution weight coefficient of the water intake area. It was determined that Henan Province Hebei Province, Beijing, and Tianjin should pay 0.13, 0.13, 0.05, and 0.029 billion yuan to Shiyan City for the usage of water resources in 2011, respectively.

国家自然科学基金项目(41101544)；2012年度湖北省社会科学基金项目（2012088）； 湖北省软科学研究专项计划项目(2011DEB008)；湖北省社会科学基金项目“十一五”规划课题([2010]275）；湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队“汉江流域资源环境与区域发展” （T201314）。