将地质统计学理论引入到水文水资源系统领域，并结合随机函数理论，利用少数测站的年降水量资料，确定出海拉尔河流域年降水量的实验变差函数。然后，进行不同方向实验变差函数的筛选、归并、拟合及其套合，形成水文变量几何异向性的结构函数，应用多时段各向异性泛克立格空间估计理论，实现了任意空间点、不同大小流域平均年降水量的分析计算。最后，通过与算术平均法、距离反比法、泰森多边形法等方法计算结果的对比分析与论证，证实了该理论与方法的准确性。

The geostatistics theory was introduced into the research field of hydrology and water resources and combined with random function theory to determine the experimental variation function of annual precipitation in the Hailar River Basin based on the measured annual precipitation data at a few stations. Then, the structural function of geometric anisotropy of hydrological variables was obtained by selecting, merging, and fitting the experimental variation functions in different directions. The theory of spatial estimation with anisotropy and universal kriging of multiple time periods was applied to achieve the analysis and calculation of average annual precipitation at an arbitrary point in space and in a basin with various scales. Finally, the advancement, convenience, and accuracy of the theory and method used in the paper were confirmed through the comparison of the results determined by the method of arithmetic average, inverse distance method, and Thiessen Polygon method.

水利部公益性行业可研专项经费(201201050)；国家自然基金青年基金(51109115)