河流水资源开发利用与河流生态保护之间矛盾日益突出，开展生态需水研究已迫在眉睫。本文提出了一种基于鱼类生物量的河道内生态需水过程确定方法。通过对鱼类栖息地的适宜性分析，建立了单一目标鱼种特定生命史生物量与河道流量间的关系，用于计算维持处于特定生命史的目标鱼种一定生物量时的需水量， 同时构建了多目标鱼种和鱼种生命史间的权重关系。针对所有目标鱼种各个生命史所需河道流量，通过匹配相应的鱼种间、鱼种内权重系数，要把研究区域河道内鱼类生态需水过程。以雅砻江锦屏河湾减水河段为例，计算了维持河段鱼类生物量稳定的生态需水量，并获得对应不同鱼类生物量保护目标的系列生态需水过程线。

The contradiction between the river resource development and ecological protection is becoming increasingly conspicuous, and therefore research on the ecological water requirement is needed. In this paper, a method for determining the river ecological water requirement process based on fish biomass was proposed. Through the suitability analysis of fish habitat, the relationship between the single-target fish biomass during the specific life history and the river discharge was developed, which can be used to determine the water demand of the target fish for maintaining a certain biomass amount in the particular biological life history. Moreover, the weight relationship between the multi-target fish and the fish life history was established. By matching the needed river discharge for all target fishes in each life history with the corresponding weight coefficients in or among the fish fingerlings, the ecological water requirement process for the regional river was obtained. The method was applied in the water reduced reach of the Jinping Bay in the Yalong River to determine the ecological water requirement to maintain the stable fish biomass in the reach and the ecological water requirement process lines corresponding to different fish biomass conservation.

国家自然科学青年基金“鱼类趋流行为的水动力触发机制研究”（5109978），“十二五”水专项“重点流域环境流量保障与容量总量控制管理关键技术与应用示范”课题（2013ZX07501-004）