近300 年是新疆农业发展的重要时期, 旱灾作为清代北疆地区对农业造成冲击最为严重的自然灾害之一, 受 到了当时政府的关注, 因此清代故宫旱灾档案为历史上新疆旱灾社会特性的研究提供了重要信息。通过对清宫档 案中有关新疆旱灾记录进行分析, 发现清代旱灾分布的档案记载与当时政府的边疆军事政策有关, 呈东多西少分布 特点; 进一步对旱情、赈灾内容分析发现, 春季雨泽愆期、冬季融雪或夏季雨水稀少而导致的灌溉用水不足是北疆旱 灾发生的主要自然原因; 政府救济及时与否也是灾情影响大小不可忽视的社会因素之一。

The r ecent 300 year s are an impor tant period for ag r icultural dev elo pment in Xinjiang. Dro ug ht , one o f the major disas2 ter s affecting ag ricultura l dev elo pment in Nort h Xinjiang , had receiv ed high attentio n from the g ov ernment of t hat time. Ro yal archives of Qing Dynasty pro vide an important data basis fo r the research of the dr ought char acteristics in Xinjiang. In this pa2 per, the roy al archiv es of dr ought recor ds in Qing Dy nasty w ere analyzed. The results showed that the droug ht distributio n char2 acter istics are related to the military po licy of Qing go vernment with hig her r eco rds in the east and lower reco rds in the west. Mor eo ver , shor tage o f irr igat ion water r esulting from the delaying o f r ain in spr ing, lacking of w inter snow melt, or r are summer rain is the main reason to cause the dro ug ht in No rth Xinjiang . In additio n, go ver nment relief in time is also o ne of the social fac2 to rs to aff ect the droug ht disaster co nditions.

国家重点基础研究发展计划( 973) 资助项目( 2010CB951102)