地下水人工回灌是增加含水层补给资源量的有效方法之一。为评价地下水人工回灌系统的最大回灌效率。 以地下水长期超采的北京永定河冲洪积扇为例, 建立了地下水人工回灌系统优化模型。为预测地下水对回灌方案 的响应, 优化模型中嵌入了地下水流模型, 模拟预测的结果返回到优化模型中作为约束条件, 优化过程最终由遗传 算法( GA) 求解。GA 的选择方法为轮盘赌选择法, 并使用罚函数法解决了优化模型的限制条件问题。求解结果显 示, 优化后的地下水人工回灌系统将更有效的增加含水层的储存资源量, 在地下水限高水位约束下, 两种方案回灌 至含水层的水量将从127. 42 @ 106 m3 和243. 48 @ 106 m3 分别增加到140. 46@ 106 m3 和275. 55 @ 106 m3 , 回灌结 束后水位最大升幅为26 m。说明开发的优化模型可以高效求得最优回灌方案。

Artificial r echar ge is one o f t he most efficient appro aches to increase the aquifer g ro undwater sto rag e. In o rder to eval2 uate t he max imum recharg e rate o f t he artificial r echar ge sy stem to g ro undwater , an optimization mo del o f ar tificial recharg e sy stem was dev elo ped for the alluvial fan in the Yongding river of Beijing, where gr oundw ater is o ften ov er extr acted. Mean2 w hile, a gr oundw ater flow mo del w as integ rated into t he optimization mo del to predict the r esponse o f g ro undw ater to the artifi2 cial scheme. T he g ro undwater model r esult s w ere used as the co nstr aint co ndit ions in t he o ptimizat ion model, which was solved by the g enet ic alg or ithm( GA) . Roulette w heel selectio n was used for GA, and penalty functio n method w as used to so lve the co nstr aints of the optim izat ion pr oblem. T he optima l results indicated that the o ptimal artificial r echar ge system can incr ease the aquifer gr oundwat er stor age effectively . T he aquifer stor age can increase from 127. 42@ 106 m3 and 243. 48 @ 106 m3 to 140. 46@ 106 m3 and 275. 55@ 106 m3 under tw o r echarg e schemes w ithout ex ceeding the upper limit of gr oundwat er level, and g roundw a2 ter lev el can incr ease 26 m after the optimization. The pro po sed optimizatio n model is able to determine the o ptimal recharg e scheme effectively.

国土资源部公益性行业科研专项经费资助( 20121107924) ; 国家重点研究基础发展计划/ 9730项目( 2010CB428804)