农田灌溉是华北平原地下水资源消耗的主要途径, 灌溉耗水研究对探讨区域灌溉效率、灌溉水平与规模具有 重要参考价值。以河北平原为例, 基于1981 年- 2010 年河北省经济统计数据、常规气象数据及地下水位等数据, 初步分析了河北平原近30 年来农田净灌溉耗水及其与降水、气温、粮食产量、地下水位的关系。结果表明, 近30 年 来, 河北平原生产粮食约6 亿t, 净消耗的灌溉水约149. 4 @ 109 m3 , 农田净灌溉耗水引起地下水位下降约18 m; 河 北平原农田净灌溉耗水与气温、地下水开采量、地下水埋深、粮食产量均呈较显著正相关关系, 但与年降水量无明显 相关性。为了合理利用华北平原地下水资源、减缓地下水位下降速度, 进一步发展节水农业是促进该地区农业可持 续发展的必由之路。

Agr icultural ir rig atio n is the main sour ce o f the g ro undwater resources co nsumpt ion in the No rth China Plain( NCP) . Resear ch on the ir rig atio n water consumptio n can pro vide impor tant reference to the reg ional irr ig ation efficiency and scale. In this paper, based o n the economic st atistical data, conventio nal meteo rolog ical dat a, and gr oundw ater level data in H ebei prov ince from 1981 to 2010, the agr icultural ir rigation water net consumption and its relat ionships w ith precipit ation, temper atur e, g ra in yield, and g roundw ater level w ere investig ated. The results showed that 0. 6 billion tons o f gr ain hav e been pro duced in the H e2 bei Plain in the past 30 y ear s, w hile the ir rigation w ater net consumptio n is about 149. 4 @ 109m3 , w hich causes a decline of abo ut 18 m in g r oundwater lev el. M oreo ver, ag ricultur al ir rigation water net co nsumpt ion has positiv e cor relat ions w ith temper ature, gr oundwat er exploitat ion amount , g roundw ater dept h, and g rain y ield, but has insig nificant corr elation with pr ecipitatio n. In or2 der to ut ilize g roundw ater reso ur ces reasonably in NCP and reduce the decline r ate of gr oundw ater lev el, fur ther development of water2sav ing ag ricultur e is necessary to promote the sustainable develo pment of ag riculture in the reg ion.

国家自然科学基金资助项目( 41471027; 40901130) ; 河北省自然科学基金项目( 10457205) ; 河北省高等学校青年拔尖人才人项 目( BJ 2014078)