基于2005 年的水文和气象数据及2005 年2 月、6 月、8 月、11 月四个不同时期的遥感影像解译数据。在三门 峡库区湿地分类的基础上, 估算了2005 年年内湿地生态需水量变化情况, 并分析了不同类型湿地的生态需水量年 内变化规律, 结果表明, 2005 年三门峡库区湿地最小生态需水量约为831 64 亿m3 , 适宜生态需水量约为1441 07 亿 m3 , 理想生态需水量约为3041 50 亿m3 。其中多泥沙河流库区湿地生态需水最重要的是输沙需水量, 输沙需水量主 要集中在汛期的6 月- 10 月, 8 月输沙需水最多, 约为251 27 亿m3 。通过计算湿地生态需水量能为库区湿地生态 配水及湿地生态恢复提供基础数据。

Based on the hy drolog ical and meteoro lo gical data in 2005 and remot e sensing image interpretation o f fo ur t ime periods ( Febr uar y, June, Aug ust , and Nov ember ) in 2005 in Sanmenxia r eservo ir, var iation o f ecolog ical w ater demand in the w etland in 2005 w as est imated accor ding to the classificat ion of w etlands, and var iation law s o f ecolo gica l w ater demand in differ ent types of w et lands w ere analy zed. The results show ed that the minimum eco lo gical water demand is 81 364 billio n m3 , the suitable eco2 log ical water demand is 141 407 billion m3 , and the ideal ecolog ical w ater demand is 301 45 billion m3 .Water demand for sediment transpo rt is the most impo rtant one of ecolog ical w ater demand, and w ater demand for sediment tr anspor t w as concentr ated in the floo d seaso n fr om June to October w ith the max imum in August o f 21 527 billion m3 . Calculatio n o f ecolog ical w ater demand in the w etland can pro vide basic database fo r ecolog ical water allocatio n and ecological restoration in Sanmenx ia reservo ir wetland

国家自然科学基金项目( 51179207; 51209231)