因子分析法可以通过将反映水质状况的众多指标转化为几个关键的综合性指标, 消除指标间相关性的影响, 使得水质评价结果更为客观。采用因子分析法对辽河流域铁岭站 2006 年- 2012 年的水质进行了综合评价, 结果 显示影响河流水质的因子主要为溶解氧、 化学需氧量、 高锰酸盐指数、 生化需氧量、 挥发酚、 氟化物、 石油类, 其次为 pH 值、 氨氮。在此基础上对其水质变化趋势进行了分析, 发现 2006 年- 2011 年水质逐渐变好, 2012 年变差, 但变 差趋势幅度较小, 不影响大致变化趋势。最后, 用熵权决策法检验了因子分析法的评价结果, 两种方法的评价结果 基本吻合。

Factor analysis method can convert a number of water quality indexes to a few comprehensive indexes and eliminate the correlation between indexes, so it can provide more objective water quality evaluation results. The factor analysis method was used to conduct the comprehensive evaluation of water quality in the Liao River Basin from 2006 to 2012. The results showed that the main impact factors of water quality are DO, COD, permanganate value, BOD, volatile phenol, fluoride, petrole 2 um, followed by PH and ammonia nitrogen. On the basis, the variation trend of water quality in the Liao River Basin from 2006 to 2012 was obtained, which suggested that water quality has improved gradually from 2006 to 2011, while becomes bad in 2012, but the trend of variation range is small without impacts on the general trend. Finally, the entropy weight method was used to validate the evaluation results from the factor analysis, which indicated both assessment results are similar.

国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项/ 重点流域环境流量保障与容量总量控制管理关键技术与应用示范0( 2013ZX07501204)