[关键词]
[摘要]
采用联合国粮农组织( FAO) 推荐的方法 Penman2Monteith 公式( PM 公式) 和作物系数, 结合当地的气象资 料, 研究了吉林四平地区玉米和大豆生育期内多年平均降水量与需水量的变化特征, 利用皮尔逊 ó 型分布曲线, 通 过频率分析确定不同水文年份的有效降水量和需水量。结果表明: 四平地区玉米多年平均有效降水量、 需水量和缺 水量值分别为 423. 24 mm、 503. 73 mm、 80. 49 mm; 大豆多年平均有效降水量、 需水量和缺水量分别为 442. 62 mm、 484. 18 mm、 41. 56 mm。在丰水年(P= 25%)、 平水年(P= 50%) 和枯水年(P= 75%) , 玉米生育期内平均有效降水 量分别为 517. 47 mm、 425. 60 mm、 352. 79 mm, 需水量分别为 504. 88 mm、 467. 83 mm、 506. 29 mm; 大豆生育期内 有效降水量分别为 540. 23 mm、 452. 26 mm、 371. 42 mm, 需水量分别为 434. 67 mm、 498. 80 mm、 450. 77 mm。因此 在作物生长快速的生长期和开花2结实期若能进行补充灌溉, 可显著保障粮食高产稳产。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Temporal distributions of precipitation and water requirements of maize and soybean during the growth period in Si 2 ping region were analyzed. Crop water requirement was computed using the Penman2 M onteith equation ( FAO 56 PM formula) and crop coefficients. Effective precipitation and water requirements ( ET c )for maize and soybean sin different hydrological years were analyzed using the P 2III distribution curve. Results showed that the average effective precipitation, water requirement ( ET c ), and water deficit are 423. 24, 503. 73, and 80. 49 mm respectively for maize, and 442. 62, 484. 18, and 41. 56 mm respec 2 tively for soybean in Siping region. During the wet year ( P= 25%) , normal year ( P= 50%), and dry year ( P= 75%), the effec 2 tive precipitation is 517. 47, 425. 60, and 352. 79 mm respectively, and the corresponding water requirement is 504. 88, 467. 83, and 506. 29 mm respectively for maize; whereas the effective precipitation is 540. 23, 452. 26, and 371. 42 mm respectively, and the corresponding water requirement is 434. 67, 498. 80, and 450. 77 mm respectively for soybean. Supplementary irrigations at the fast development stage of maize and at the blossom and productive stage of soybean are important for maintaining high yields in Siping region.
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[基金项目]
水利部公益项目( 201401036) ; 国家自然科学基金项目(51179005; 51479004)