研究黄河内蒙古段十大孔兑( 以下简称十大孔兑) 流域土地利用变化, 对于区域生态环境建设和水土保持效果 评价有重要意义。根据1980 年、1998 年、2010 年3 期遥感影像解译的土地利用数据, 采用土地利用动态变化和土 地利用转移矩阵, 系统分析了十大孔兑流域1980 年以来的土地利用变化时空特征。结果表明: 研究区以耕地、草地 和未利用地为主要土地利用类型, 1980 年以来草地面积逐渐增加, 未利用地面积逐渐减少, 1998 年- 2010 年较 1980 年- 1998 年的土地利用变化幅度和变化速度提高。1980 年- 1998 年和1998 年- 2010 年, 土地利用转移方 向主要是未利用地向低、中覆盖草地转化, 低覆盖草地向中、高覆盖草地转化, 中覆盖草地向高覆盖草地转化, 该转 化主要分布在流域的上中游, 以流域东部和西部最明显。1980 年- 1998 年间低覆盖草地向中、高覆盖草地转化比 例较高, 1998 年- 2010 年间未利用地向低、中覆盖草地转化比例较高。分析认为, 1980 年以来十大孔兑流域城镇 化水平提高, 林草水保措施力度增强、成效显著, 区域生态环境改善, 特别是国家实施/ 退耕还林( 草)0 生态修复政策 后, 生态环境改善效果更为突出。

The study of the land use chang es in the ten tributar ies o f Yellow River in Inner2M ongo lia is o f gr eat sig nificance for no t only the const ruct ion o f regional ecolo gica l env iro nment, but a lso the evaluat ion of water and soil co nser vatio n effects. Based on the land use data inter pr eted fr om r emo te sensing images in 1980, 1998 and 2010, t he spatial and tempor al variation o f land use in the ten t ributaries since 1980 was analy zed from the land use dy namic change and the direction of land use tr ansfo rma2 t ion. Some co nclusio ns can be draw n as fo llow s: First, Ar able land, g rassland and unused land wer e the majo r land use types in the ten tr ibut aries. The area of gr assland gr adually increased, while unused land decreased since 1980. The r ate and speed o f v ar2 iatio n w ere higher dur ing 199822010 than 198021998. Seco nd, during 198021998 and 199822010, the dir ect ions o f land use chang e wer e mainly as fo llow s: unused land was converted to low and middle co verag e gr assland, low cover age g rassland to middle and high cov erag e g r assland, middle cov erag e g rassland to hig h co ver age g rassland. T he a rea of conversio n wer e mainly distr ibuted in the upper and middle basin of the ten tributar ies. The lar gest area of conversio n o f low co verag e gr assland to middle and hig h cover age g rassland w as obtained during 198021998. While the lar gest unused land to low and middle cover age g rassland w as ob2 ser ved during 199822010. The ur banizatio n level had gr ow n, water and soil co nser vatio n o f for est and g rass had been enhanced, reg ional eco log ical env iro nment had been impr ov ed in the ten t ributaries since 1980, and mo re o utstanding impr ovement effects wer e found after the launch o f bioenvironment al r eco vering policy of Grain to Gr een Prog ram ( GT GP) in 1999.

国家/ 十二五0 科技支撑计划课题( 2012BAB02B00) ; 水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201101037) ; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项