随着社会经济的发展, 在中小河流发展通航及生态旅游越来越受到重视, 鉴于传统的升船机和船闸结构复杂、 投资大且自然和谐性差, 提出了一种新型扶梯式双向水力升船机, 其结构简单、操作方便, 完全靠水力驱动, 环保节 能, 具有良好的经济实用性。为了分析该种升船机的运行稳定性, 建立了船体2缆绳2承船厢2水体的流固耦合数值模 型, 模拟分析了升船机运行过程中厢内水体和船体晃动的规律, 探究了提高运行稳定性的措施。分析发现, 厢内船 体的晃动位移和承船厢受到的动水压力均在减速阶段出现峰值, 晃动位移峰值与停船加速度的大小几乎成正比, 且 不受厢内水深变化的影响; 水体晃动的频率与厢内水深有关, 与停船加速度无关。据此, 在承船厢内设置垂向挡板、 T 型挡板可在一定程度上减少厢内船体的晃动位移, 而在承船厢内设置纵向、横向缆绳可以明显减少厢内船体的晃 动位移, 并且纵向缆绳的减晃效果好于横向缆绳。

With the development o f so ciety and economy , the development o f nav igat ion and ecolo gica l tour ism in middle and small riv ers receiv es mo re and mo re att entions. Due to complicated str uctur e, hig h investments and bad compatibility w ith na2 t ur e, here we put forwar d a new escalator2type bidir ect ional hydraulic shiplift . The new shiplift is simple in structure, easy to op2 er ate, environment2pr otectiv e and energ y2conservat ive, and has g ood eco nomical and practical features. In o rder to analy ze the operating stability o f the shiplift, a ship2ship compartment cable2 ship reception chamber 2 water fluid str uctur e inter act ion nu2 mer ical model was built , the rules of liquid sloshing and ship shaking dur ing the o per ating period o f ship lift wer e analyzed, and the measures of enhancing operating stability w ere studied. The results showed t hat: Firstly , the vert ical displacement of the ship and t he hydr odynamic pr essure in the ship reception chamber display peaks during the decelerat ion time, and sloshing dis2 placement peak is almost pro po rtio na l to sto p acceler ation, which is not affected by t he v ariat ion of w ater depth in the ship re2 ceptio n chamber ; Secondly, the frequency of slo shing is corr elated wit h w ater depth in the ship reception chamber and has noth2 ing to do w ith stop acceler ation; thirdly , the vert ical and T2ty pe baffle arr ang ed in the chamber can reduce the slo shing displace2 ment of the ship to a cer tain ex tent; Finally, t he lo ng itudinal and tr ansv erse cable arr ang ed betw een the chamber and the ship can signif icantly r educe the sloshing displacement o f ship and the longitudinal cable has the better effect on r educing slo shing than transver se cable. T he f inding s o f this paper have impo rtant r efer ence value fo r eng ineer ing design.

国家自然科学基金项目( 51579173; 51379140)