当前地表水体污染问题严重，准确掌握污染物的来源并从源头上对污染物实施总量控制是实现污染源有效监管的技术依据，也是我国流域污染防治工作的重要技术支撑。本文在对国内外已有的水环境污染源解析技术归纳的基础上，着重对地表水污染物源解析受体模型中的成分/比值法、指纹图谱法、化学质量平衡模型和多元统计法等方法的研究和应用进展情况进行了详细阐述，并对国内外地表水污染物源解析技术存在的问题和应用前景进行了评述和展望，指出当前水环境源解析技术存在的主要问题为：源解析研究的目标污染物相对有限；缺乏完整的技术体系且现有技术的局限性限制了源解析结果的合理化；污染源成分谱的不完整和现有监测手段制约了源解析的研究深度。指出对现有技术的完善与优化为当前研究的热点，各模型间进行综合分析、多元研究、耦合应用为发展趋势。地理信息技术，工程数学方法和分析监测技术的发展将为水环境污染物源解析研究掀开崭新的一页。

The surface water pollution is a serious problem.To master the water pollution source and control the total amount effectively is the technical base for achieving regulation of water pollution source. It also can provide the necessary technical support for the surface water pollution control.In this paper, the surface water pollution source methods are summarized both in China and abroad. The research and application progress of receptor model which is the more effective source apportionment model technology is discussed in detail,such as ratio method,fingerprint method,chemical mass balance method and multivariate statistical model. The existing problems and application prospect of surface water pollution source analysis technology are reviewed and prospected.It points out that the main problems of current source of water environment analytical technology is: The research objective of source parse pollutants are relatively limited; The lack of complete technical system and the limitations of existing technology limits the rationalization of the source parse result; The incompleting of pollution source component spectrum and the existing monitoring means restrict the deep of source analytical research. It also puts forward that the improvement and optimization for the existing technology as well as the multivariate analysis and coupling application are becoming a source of parsing technology development trend. The geographic information technology, engineering mathematics methods and the development of analysis monitoring technology will write a new page for water environment pollution source analytical research.

国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07502-002；2015ZX07201-008)