黑龙江省大兴安岭地区的加格达奇区属于典型的高纬度寒区，是我国地下水溢流积冰问题最严重的地区之一。东小河位于加格达奇市区东部，是区域溢流积冰现象的代表性区域。采用实地踏勘和水文地质物探等方法，分析了该地区溢流积冰现象形成三个阶段及其特征，特别是气象因素、流域下垫面因素、冻土层因素的影响，指出加格达奇区流域下垫面因素中的浅薄含水层和冻土层因素是该地区独特的溢流积冰现象形成的关键因素。

Jiagedaqi District of Greater Khingan Range area in Heilongjiang Province, located in the northeastern part of China, belongs to the typical high altitude cold regions, and is one of the most serious groundwater overflow icing problem areas in China. Located in the east area of Jiagedaqi, East River is a representative area of the regional overflow icing phenomenon. With the methods of field reconnaissance survey and hydrogeological exploration, this article not only analyzed the three formation stages and characteristics of the overflow icing phenomenon in the region, especially the meteorology, watershed underlying surface and frozen layer on the influence of the phenomenon, but also pointed out that the shallow aquifer in the watershed underlying surface factor and frozen layer of Jiagedaqi District were key influencing factors to form the unique overflow icing phenomenon in the region.

国家自然科学基金项目（41202171）；冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金 (SKLFSE201310)；黑龙江省水文局项目（2013230101001188）