全球变化是目前国内外研究的重点，而气温和降水作为影响气候变化的两大因子，对气候变化起着重要的指示作用。河南省作为全国重要的粮食基地，研究其气温和降水的时空变化特征，对农业生产具有重要的指导意义。通过线性倾向率法、累积距平法、M- K检验法，对河南省近54年的气温和降水的年变化和季节变化进行分析，结果表明：河南省近54年气温上升趋势显著，平均幅度为0.18℃/10a；春秋冬增温明显，夏季气温略有下降；气温在1993年－1994发生由低到高的突变；豫东和豫中平原区增温的速率大于豫西山地丘陵区。近54年降水量在波动中略微有减少的趋势，平均降幅为-7.62 mm/10a；春秋降水量呈减少的趋势，夏冬呈增加的趋势；降水量在2011年－2012年发生由少到多的突变；中东部平原地区降水增加的趋势明显；豫西北和豫南山区及南阳西部，降水呈明显的减少趋势。

In recent years, the global change has become a hot topic at home and abroad, the temperature and precipitation play the vital role in the climate change. Henan Province is the important grain base of China, and studying the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the temperature and precipitation has a profound guiding for the agricultural production., The annual and seasonal changes of the temperature and precipitation in Henan Province from 1961 to 2014 were analyzed using the linear regression method，cumulative anomaly method，and M-K test method. The results indicated that, in recent 54 years, the annual mean temperature rose significantly, increasing by 0.18℃/10a; except in summer，the seasonal mean temperatures of the rest seasons showed increasing trends; and an abrupt change from low to high occurred in 1993-1994. The plain regions had warmed at a faster rate than the hilly area. The annual precipitation showed a subtle decreasing trend in recent 54 years, decreasing by -7.26mm/10a; the decreasing season was spring and autumn and the increasing season was summer and winter, and the abrupt change of precipitation occurred in 2011-2012. The precipitation increased significantly in the eastern plain area and decreased significantly in the area of mountain in the northwest and south as well as the west of Nanyang.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（41372177）