传统的水库调度以兴利调度和防洪调度为主，常忽视生态环境问题，导致河流生态水文系统的健康状况不断恶化。相对传统的以水电站年发电量最大，发电保证率最高为目标函数，本研究还引入了生态保证率最高的目标函数，构建基于生态流量区间的多目标水库生态调度模型，并采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对模型进行优化求解。利用该模型对天生桥一级水库1956年－2008年的来水过程进行优化调度，结果表明：经济效益最大的调度方案会对天然径流过程产生显著的改变，而兼顾经济效益和生态目标的建议调度方案对水库的经济效益产生影响较少的同时能保证生态系统的稳定性。

Useful operation and flood control operation predominate the traditional reservoir operation, which usually ignores Eco-environmental problems and leads to the continuous deterioration of river Eco-hydrological systems. Comparing with the traditional researches which set hydropower stations’ utmost annual energy output and highest power guarantee rate as objective functions, this paper also introduced maximum Eco-guaranteed rate as an objective function to build a model of multipurpose reservoir ecological operation based on ecological flow range, and used NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm to optimize the model. This model was used to optimize the operation of Tianshengqiao-Ⅰreservoir’s inflow process in 1956～2008, and the results showed that: the operation scheme of utmost economic benefits would significantly change natural runoff process, and the operation scheme of combining both economic benefits and ecological purposes would have little impact on economic benefits while at the same time guarantee the ecosystem’s stability.

国家科技支撑计划（2013BAB05B05）；国家科技重大专项项目（2012ZX07205）