以新疆阿尔塔什水利枢纽泄洪建筑物为研究对象，通过1:50水工模型试验比选消能方式，对比研究了采用平底板水垫塘方案下的塘内水动力特性和采用护坡不护底方案下的水垫塘冲刷形态。通过脉动压力与上举力的分布，推测了水垫塘的可能破坏范围；通过流态分析和冲刷分析，对挑坎体型进行了优化。不同型式挑坎对水垫塘的冲刷影响的比较分析表明，优化后的挑坎能够起到调整水舌和冲坑形态、减少坡脚冲刷的作用，经优化后该工程水垫塘采用护坡不护底的方案是可行的，并可供类似工程参考。

In this paper, Altash hydropower station was chosen as the research object. The best energy dissipation scheme was selected based on 1:50 hydraulic model. It could be studied by comparing the hydraulic characteristics in the flat bottom water cushion pool and scouring patterns in the cushion pool with lining slope but no bottom protection. By measuring pulsating pressure and uplift force, the possible damage range in the cushion pool could be predicted. And through the analysis of the flow pattern and scouring patterns, the shape of flip bucket of spillway tunnel could be optimized. The comparative study showed that the optimized flip bucket could change trajectory nappe forms, adjust scour pit shapes, reduce the slope erosion and it was feasible for this cushion pool to adopt the form of the lining slope but no bottom protection with the optimized flip bucket. The results can provide reference for similar projects.

国家自然科学基金项目（51179119）