水系统受气候变化和人类活动的影响，一直在不断地变化，因此水资源的开发利用也应适应这种变化，而不能按照固定的控制阈值或约束条件来进行。在对水系统及其与环境变化关系剖析的基础上，分析了水资源适应性利用的原理与模式；基于对环境变化下水资源适应性利用机理的认识，提出水资源适应性利用理论的框架体系，阐述了其基本理念和关键内容；基于对我国现代治水实践的分析，分析了其暗含的水资源适应性利用理论的内容，以及我国治水实践中存在的问题及应用水资源适应性利用理论解决这些问题的可能途径。研究认为，水资源适应性利用理论对水资源合理开发、综合利用、科学管理具有重要的指导作用，为环境变化下水资源利用研究与实践奠定理论基础。

Water system is constantly changing under the influences of climate changes and human activities so that the development and utilization of water resources should be adapted to these changes rather than conform to a fixed control threshold or certain constraints. Therefore, studying the adaptive utilization and management of water resources is of great significance. In this paper, the principle and mode of adaptive utilization of water resources (AUWR) is expounded based on the analysis of water system and its relationship with environmental changes. Based on the understanding of the mechanism of AUWR under environmental changes, the theory of adaptive utilization of water resources (AUWR theory) is put forward, a framework system of the theory is constructed, and its basic concepts and key contents are expounded. Based on the analysis of modern water management practices in China, this paper elaborates on the underlying AUWR theory, and the existing problems in modern water management practices in China as well as the possible solutions to these problems using the AUWR theory. The study shows that the AUWR theory can provide significant guidance on the rational development, comprehensive utilization, and scientific management of water resources, as well as lay the theoretical foundation for the research and practice of water resources utilization under environmental changes.

国家自然科学基金（51279183）；郑州大学重大科技项目培育基金（015ZDPY011）