传统的时空分布分析方法仅可以描述参考作物蒸散量（ET0）的平均时空分布情况，难以对ET0时空分布的离散程度与稳定性进行量化。根据安徽淮北平原5个站点的气象数据与地理信息资料，采用彭曼-蒙特斯公式计算ET0，基于云模型分析了其时空分布特征。结果表明：年ET0呈下降趋势，春、冬季增长，夏、秋季减小；年ET0空间分布较为均匀，季节ET0空间分布不均匀；2004年较为分散而不稳定，1956年较集中而稳定；阜阳站较为分散而不稳定，宿县站较集中而稳定；ET0时间变化的离散程度相对于空间分布较小，稳定性相近。因此，基于云模型分析ET0时空分布特性可行、有效，研究结果可为淮北平原不同作物蒸散发以及旱灾、灌溉等研究提供科学参考。

Traditional methods can only describe the average case of ET0 temporal and spatial distribution, but it is difficult for their degree of dispersion and stability were quantified. According to the meteorological data and geographic information of 5 stations in Anhui Huaibei Plain, using Penman-Monteith to calculate ET0, its temporal and spatial distribution characteristics was analyzed based on cloud model. The results showed that: Inter-annual ET0 was provided with a decrease tendency, ET0 in spring and winter were provided with a growing tendency, and in summer and autumn with a decrease trend; inter-annual ET0 was more uniform in spatial distribution and seasonal ET0 uneven; ET0 was more fragmented and unstable in 2004, and relatively concentrated and stable in 1956; ET0 was more fragmented and unstable in Fuyang station, and relatively concentrated and stable in Suxian station; the degree of dispersion of ET0 in temporal variation was smaller than in spatial distribution, and stability was similar. Therefore, analysis on characteristics of ET0 in temporal-spatial distribution in Huaibei Plain based on cloud model is feasible and effective, and the characteristics of ET0 in temporal-spatial distribution can be analyzed visually. The research results can provide scientific reference for evapotranspiration of various crop as well as drought and irrigation research.

国家自然科学基金项目(51579059, 51409001, 51409002, 51579060)