南水北调受水区是我国水资源最为短缺的地区之一。按照实行最严格水资源管理制度的要求，面向“节水优先”的国家水安全保障战略，开展受水区节水分析。基于对现有节水评价指标分析的基础上，构建了能够全面反映区域用水结构和全社会全过程用水效率的评价指标与评价标准。采用单一指标评价法，系统剖析受水区通水前后（2003年-2015年）综合节水情势和各行业节水变化趋势，并利用所构建的综合评价体系对2015年受水区县、市用水效率进行综合评价。评价结果显示近年来，受水区大力节水，用水效率大幅度提高，但与国际先进节水水平相比较，受水区节水工作还存在很多改进空间，节约用水仍有一定潜力。

The water receiving areas of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project are suffering the most serious water shortage. We analyzed the water conservation in the water receiving areas in accordance with the requirements of the most stringent water resources management system and the national water security strategy of giving priority to water conservation. Based on the analysis of the existing water-saving evaluation indexes, we constructed evaluation indexes and standards that can comprehensively reflect the regional water consumption structure and the whole-process water utilization efficiency of the whole society. By adopting the single-index evaluation method, we systematically analyzed the comprehensive water-saving situation and water saving trends of different industries in the water-receiving areas before and after the water supply (from 2003 to 2015), and we used a comprehensive evaluation system to evaluate the water utilization efficiency of the water-receiving counties and cities in 2015. The results showed that in recent years, the water-receiving areas made great efforts to save water and improved their water utilization efficiency substantially. However, compared with international advanced water-saving level, the water saving work of these water-receiving areas still needs to be improved and has much potential to be explored.

国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0401407；2016YFE0102400）；中国水科院基本科研业务费项目（WR0145B622017)；国家自然科学基金（51379216）