水资源价值的定量分析对于创建科学合理的水价体系和缓解缺水地区的水资源供需矛盾有着重要意义。通过效益分摊系数法计算了南水北调中线和东线受水区工业和农业单位用水的净效益, 建立了以区域用水净效益最大为目标函数、以供需水量限制及调水水渠流量限制为约束条件的水资源优化配置模型。应用线性规划求解得到南水北调东线受水区黄河以南、山东半岛和黄河以北 3 个子区的水资源影子价格分别为 1.00 元/m3、4.31 元/m3 和 3.89 元/m3 , 南水北调中线受水区河南、河北、北京和天津 4 个子区的水资源影子价格分别为 3.67 元/m3、4.41 元/m3、2.20 元/m3 和 2.19 元/m3。该结果即为水资源理论价值, 可为南水北调受水区制定科学合理的水价标准和完善水价体系提供科学依据。

Quantitative analysis on water resources value is of great significance to establishing a scientific and reasonable water price system and to alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. We used the benef it sharing coefficient method to calculate the net benefit of industrial and agricultural unit water use in the intake area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project（SNWDP) . Taking maximization of net benefit as the objectiv efunction, we established an optimal allocation model for water resources with water supply and demand as well as water diversion canal capacities as const raints. Linear programming method was applied in optimizing the model and calculating the shadow prices of local water resources in the subareas of the intake area of the SNWDP. For the intake area of the eastern route of the SNWDP, the shadow prices of water resources in the South of Yellow River, Shandong Peninsula, and North of Yellow River were 1.00 Yuan/m3 , 4.31 Yuan/m3 and 3.89 Yuan/m3 , respectively. For the intake area of the middle route of the SNWDP, the shadow prices of water resources in Henan, Hebei, Beijing , and Tianjin were 3.67 Yuan/m3, 4.41 Yuan/m3 , 2.20 Yuan/m3 and 2.19 Yuan/m3 , respectively . The results were the theoretical values of water resources, and could provide scientific support for establishing water price standards and improving water price system in the intake area of the SNWDP.

中国科学院科技服务网络计划( STS 计划) 项目( KFJ-EW-STS-007)