[关键词]
[摘要]
潜在蒸散发( E T0 ) 是准确估计作物需水量和合理制定农田管理制度的重要参考依据, 分析其对气象要素的敏 感性对评估区域陆地水资源利用效率具有重要意义。根据陕西省 1955- 2015 年的 20 个气象站的逐日实测气象数 据, 利用 Penman2Monteith 方程计算逐日 ET0 , 应用敏感性公式计算 ET0 对最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度、平均风 速、日照时数等 5 个关键气候要素的敏感系数, 探究敏感系数的时空分布规律及变化趋势; 并结合气象要素的多年 变化定量分析的变化 ET0 成因。结果表明: ( 1)ET 0 对气象要素的敏感系数年内变化幅度依次为: 相对湿度> 日照 时数> 最低气温> 风速> 最高气温。( 2) 陕西省年均 E T0 对气象要素的敏感程度均在/ 中0 等级以上, 相对湿度最 为敏感; 年际敏感系数显著增减变化趋势南北差异大, 且空间分布特征表现不一。( 3) ET0 与关键气候要素之间呈 现的复杂非线性关系, 使各气象站 E T0 变化的主导气象要素也不尽相同, 存在明显空间差异。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Po tent ial ev apo transpiratio n( ET0 ) is an important refer ence fo r the accurat e estimatio n of cro psc w ater dem and and fo r the reasonable formulatio n o f a farmland m anag ement system. Analy sis of the sensitivit y of ET 0 to m eteo ro log ical factors is of g reat significance fo r assessing the utilizat ion efficiency of land w ater resour ces in a reg ion. Based o n the daily w eather data from 20 m eteo ro log ical statio ns in Shaanx i Pr ov ince from 1955 to 2015, w e used the FAO256 Penman2M onteith equatio n to calculate daily E T0 . T hen w e used the sensitiv ity formula to calculate the sensitiv ity coefficients of ET 0 to the main meteo rolog i2 cal facto rs, such as the daily max imum temperature ( ST H ) , da ily minimum temperature ( ST L ) , relative humidity ( SRH ) , w ind speed ( S A W ) , and sunshine dur ation ( SSD ) . We ex plor ed the tem po ral and spatial distributio n featur es and v ariation tr ends o f the sensitivity coefficients and quantitativ ely ana lyzed the contributing factors to ET0 v ariation in view o f the multi2year va riatio n of the meteo ro log ical facto rs. Results show ed that t he meteoro lo gical facto rs so rted by the annual variation amplitude o f the sen2 sit ivity coefficient o f ET0 to these factors wer e SRH > SSD > STL > SA W > ST H . The sensitivit y o f annual averag e ET 0 in Shaanx i Pro vince to the meteor olog ical facto rs all r eached the middle o r abov e level. It was the most sensitiv e to SRH . The interannual variatio n tr ends of sensit ivity coefficients show ed a big differ ence between the nort h and south, and they also show ed differ ent spatial distribution characteristics. The complicat ed no nlinear relationship between E T0 and the key meteor olog ical factors caused the dominant meteoro lo gical factors o f ET0 to differ acr oss differ ent meteo rolog ical stations and to show obvio us spatial differ ence
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[基金项目]
陕西省教育厅自然科学专项研究计划项目( 16JK1017 ); 陕西省科技厅项目( 2017NY2202 ) ; 安康学院高层次人才科研专项 (2015AYQDZR04)