为降低蔬菜园区经验水肥管理制度造成的资源浪费, 提高作物水肥利用效率, 探讨了滴灌和膜下沟灌两种灌 水技术下, 节水减氮对番茄根区深层渗漏量、番茄耗水量、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明: 在采用60% ~ 80%园区经验灌水量的条件下, 番茄耗水量降低了17% ~ 43%、水分利用效率提高了9% ~ 59%, 灌水量对产量影 响不显著; 而在50%园区经验施氮量的条件下, 番茄增产9%~ 17%、氮肥利用效率提高12%~ 35%; 滴灌与膜下沟 灌相比, 春夏茬各试验处理水分利用效率、氮肥利用效率和产量均值分别提高61 9%、81 4%和81 2%, 秋冬茬分别提 高41 1%、41 9%和51 3%。综合分析表明, 与园区经验水氮用量相比, 80%的经验灌水量、5 0%的经验施氮量不会显 著降低产量, 但可以显著提高水氮利用效率; 滴灌与膜下沟灌相比能减少深层渗漏量, 减少水肥资源的浪费。

In or der t o reduce t he waste of resources caused by the ex per ience manag ement of wat er and fer tilizer in the vegetable gar den, and to impro ve w ater and fer tilizer use efficiency o f crops, w e discussed the ef fects of w ater sav ing and nit rog en reduc2 tion on deep per colat ion of tomato r oot zo ne, tomato w ater co nsumpt ion, y ield, and water and nitr og en use eff iciency under tw o irr ig atio n conditio ns: dr ip irr ig atio n and under2film fur row irr ig ation. The r esult s showed that w hen the ir rigation amount w as 60%280% o f the ex perience amount o f the g arden, the w ater co nsumption o f tomatoes decr eased by 17%243%, and the w ater use efficiency increased by 9%259%; t he effect of irr igat ion amount on yield w as no t sig nificant. When the nitro gen applicatio n amount w as 50% of the exper ience amo unt of the ga rden, the tomato y ield incr eased by 9%217%, and the nitro gen use efficiency incr eased by 12%235%. Compar ed w ith under2film furr ow irr igation, dr ip ir rig atio n could increase the av erag e values of w ater use efficiency, nitro gen use efficiency, and y ield by 61 9%, 81 4% and 81 2% respectiv ely fo r the spr ing and summer bat ch, and by 41 1%, 41 9% and 51 3% respect ively fo r the autumn and w inter batch. Compr ehensive analysis showed that compared w ith the ex perience amount of w ater and nit rog en use in the gar den, using 80% o f the ex perience ir rigation amount and 50% of the expe2 r ience nitr og en amo unt w ill not sig nificantly reduce t he yield, but w ill sig nificantly im pr ove water and nitro gen use efficiency. Compar ed w ith under2f ilm furr ow ir rigation, drip ir rig atio n can reduce deep percolatio n, and r educe the w aste o f w ater and fer til2 izer resources.

河北省科技计划项目( 15227003D)