自 20 世纪末虚拟水的概念提出以来, 其基本理论、核算方法及案例研究在国内外得到了蓬勃发展, 逐步建立 了包含虚拟水含量、虚拟水贸易、虚拟水流动、虚拟水平衡、水足迹等概念的经济社会水资源管理理论框架, 成为研 究水资源在经济社会中循环演变的重要方法。系统地对虚拟水的概念及特点进行了解析, 梳理了虚拟水理论的产 生和发展历程, 详细阐述了当前虚拟水研究进展, 并对虚拟水理论在水资源管理中的应用前景进行了分析, 提出了 将其应用于农业水资源管理中的三大科学设想, 为虚拟水理论的研究与应用提供参考。

Since the end of the tw entiet h centur y, the co ncept of virtual w ater is r aised, the basic theory , calculation methods and case studies both at home and abro ad has been booming, containing virtual w ater content has been est ablished gr adually , virtual water trade, virtual w ater flow , w ater balance, w ater footprint and other economic and social manag ement o f water resources of the concept of theor etical fr amew or k, become the important method of water cy cle in the eco nomic and so cial evo lutio n. System2 atica lly in t his paper o n the co ncept and characterist ics of virtual w ater analysis, the emerg ence and development of the theo ry of virtual w ater, expounds the current research pr og ress of v irtual w ater and virtual water theo ry, analyzes the application pr ospect in w ater r eso ur ces manag ement , put fo rw ard the applied to the three scientif ic idea of ag ricultura l water resources management, to pro vide the reference t o the research of v irtual water theo ry and applicatio n

国家重点研发计划( 2018YFF0215702) ; 重庆市教委科技研究项目( KJ1600533) ; 中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调 控国家重点实验室开放研究基金( IWH R2SKL2201601; IWH R2SKL2 201712)