华北地区地下水超采问题由来已久, 长期过量开采地下水给华北地区尤其是京津冀水资源安全带来重大威 胁, 开展地下水超采治理意义重大。针对华北地区严重的地下水超采问题, 首先从水量、水位、影响范围等角度分析 了地下水超采现状与形成的原因, 剖析了地下水超采引发的资源枯竭、生态与地质环境损害等一系列突出问题, 然 后总结了近年来国家开展的南水北调受水区压采、河北地下水超采综合治理三年试点、河湖地下水回补等地下水超 采治理相关的重大举措, 梳理了各项举措采取的具体超采治理措施和目前取得的治理成效, 介绍了下一步华北地区 地下水超采治理的战略对策和主要措施, 最后结合超采治理工作实践, 分析了目前华北地区地下水超采治理中面临 的若干突出问题, 并提出了相关思考与对策建议, 为今后地下水超采治理与管理提供参考。

Gro undw ater o verex plo itatio n has v ast impo rtance in t he North China Plain. The lo ng2term o verex ploitatio n of gr oundwat er has br ought a g reat thr eat to the w ater resources security of No rth China, especially Beijing , Tianjin and Hebei. This paper firstly analy zed the status and reasons fo r g roundw ater ov erex ploitatio n in terms of gr oundw ater vo lume, g roundw a2 ter lev el and ov er2draft area, and the related pr oblems including resources, eco log y and geo log y. T hen sever al g roundw ater over2 ex ploitatio n actio ns w ere intr oduced and summarized and pr elim inar y results w ere achiev ed. Mo reov er, strateg ic countermeas2 ures and main measures for g r oundwater over explo itation in No rth China w ere intro duced. Finally, some cr ucial questions wer e discussed abo ut g r oundwater ov erex ploitat ion based on the authorcs practical wo rk. In addition, some sug gestio ns and r ationale wer e pr oposed fo r the resto ratio n based o n cr ucial questions

国家重点研发计划项目( 2018YFC0406505)