利用鱼道试验模型进行过鱼试验, 分析水温因素对模型鱼道中鱼类上溯行为的影响。以某工程竖缝式鱼道为原型, 按重力相似准则建立比尺为 1：4 的水工模型, 选择草鱼幼鱼为试验用鱼, 试验中采用摄像头全程监测试验鱼上溯过程, 统计试验鱼在模型试验段的通过率与通过时间两项指标, 进行量化分析。研究发现: 在试验水温变化范 围 18.5~ 22. 5 ℃内, 草鱼幼鱼总体通过率达 70% 以上, 且不同水温区间内通过率无明显变化; 采用 SPSS 软件进行的显著性检验显示, 草鱼通过时间与水温因素无显著相关关系。基于上述结果, 今后在开展草鱼上溯行为试验研究时, 在水温变化范围 18.5~ 22.5 ℃ 内, 可考虑忽略水温因素的影响。

Fish passing experiments were conducted in a fishway model to figure out the influence of water temperature on the fish migration behaviors. A hydraulic model with a scale of 1：4 was established based on the gravity similarity criterion, and the juvenile grass car p was selected as the test fish. Camer as were used to monitor the migration process of the test fish, and the fish passage rate and passage time were counted and analyzed quantitatively. The experimental results showed that : the total passing rate of juvenile grass carp was more than 70% in the water temperature range of 18.5~ 22.5 e , and there was no significant change in passing rate in differ ent water temperature ranges, the influence of water temperature on the fish passage rate is not obvious; the SPSS so ftware used to test the significance which showed that the passing time of juvenile grass carp had no significant correlation with water temperature. Based on the above results, the influence of water temperature can be neglected in the future research of the grass carp migration behavior test in the range of 18.5~ 22.5 e .

国家重点研发计划( 2016YFC0401708) ; 国家自然科学基金( 51709278; 51679261) ; 中国水科院自主科研项目( SKL2018ZY08; HY0145B162019)