为研究中国南北过渡带水面蒸发的时空变化及对其趋势进行预测，利用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall（M-K）趋势检验法、灰色关联分析法和R/S分析法对中国气象数据网南北过渡带43个气象站1980—2017年的水面蒸发量、平均气温、相对湿度、平均风速、日照时数等的日数据进行分析。结果表明：从时间上看，研究期内的南北过渡带年平均水面蒸发量呈较显著上升趋势，气候倾向率为19.3 mm/（10 a）且在1994年前后发生了突变，水面蒸发量由减小趋势转为上升趋势，年代平均水面蒸发量也逐步增加,季节上升趋势夏季较显著而春季、冬季、秋季不显著;从空间上看，气候倾向率在研究区内中部和东北部较低，其他地区较高;水面蒸发量上升的主要原因为平均气温的升高。在未来一段时间内，南北过渡带水面蒸发量将继续上升。

With increasingly prominent global environmental problems,climate change research,including water surface evaporation,has become one of the current international scientific research hotspots and has received extensive attention from the international community.Northsouth transition zone is a sensitive area in response to global climate change,as well as the main water source for the midline of the SouthtoNorth Water Diversion and a key area for the western development.However,few researches focus on the water surface evaporation of the entire northsouth transition zone. The methods such as climate tendency rate,MannKendall (M-K) trend test and grey correlation analysis,as well as R/S analysis are mainly employed. The annual average water surface evaporation in China′s northsouth transition zone shows a significant upward trend,with a climate tendency rate of 19.3 mm/(10 a).There was an abrupt point in water surface evaporation around 1994.Before 1994,water surface evaporation showed a decreasing trend,with an annual average water surface evaporation of 807.5 mm.After that,water surface evaporation began to increase,showing an upward trend.From 1994 to 2017，the average water surface evaporation had increased by 50.0 mm compared with that from 1980 to 1993.Summer accounted for the highest water surface evaporation,followed by spring,autumn and winter.The climate tendency rates of each season were sorted by summer,spring,winter and autumn in terms of seasonal change trends,and the average water surface evaporation in summer showed a significant upward trend.The abrupt points occurred in each season were around 2004 in spring,around 1990 in summer,around 1985 in autumn,while there was no change in winter.Before the abrupt point,spring,summer and autumn all had a downward trend;after that,they all had an upward trend.There were obvious spatial differences in water surface evaporation in the northsouth transition zone,with the highest overall performance in the east,the second in the west and the lowest in the middle.The range of annual average water surface evaporation is 565.6 mm to 1 138.5 mm.Among them,the lowest annual average water surface evaporation was Dujiangyan,in the southwest of Sichuan Province,and the highest was Wudu in Gansu Province.The climate tendency rate of water surface evaporation was lower in the middle and northeast of the study area and was higher in the northwest,southwest and southeast.The lowest and highest values [JP2]were -54.0 mm/(10 a) at Sanmenxia Station and 66.1 mm/(10 a)[JP] at Songpan Station,respectively.The correlation between annual average water surface evaporation and various meteorological factors were analyzed.The order of correlation between each meteorological factor and water surface evaporation in the northsouth transition zone is sunshine hours,average temperature,average wind speed and relative humidity,respectively.Among them,the correlation between sunshine hour and water surface evaporation,and the correlation between average temperature and water surface evaporation are both greater than 0.8.However,the changing trend of sunshine hour in the northsouth transition zone was not prominent during the study period.Therefore,it can be concluded that the main reason for increasing water surface evaporation in the north-south transition zone is the increment of average temperature.The R/S analysis method was used to analyze the annual average water surface evaporation during the study period,and results showed that the water surface evaporation in the northsouth transition zone might continue the previous trend for a period of time.Therefore,it can be predicted that the water surface evaporation in the northsouth transition zone may continue to show an upward trend in the future. (1) From the perspective of temporal variation,the annual average water surface evaporation in the northsouth transition zone showed a significant upward trend,an abrupt point occurred around 1994,and the water surface evaporation increased significantly in summer.(2) From the perspective of spatial variation,the climatic tendency rate of water surface evaporation was lower in the middle and northeast of the study area,and higher in other areas.(3) The main reason for increasing water surface evaporation in the northsouth transition zone was the increase of average temperature.In the future,the water surface evaporation in the northsouth transition zone may continue to show an upward trend.

国家自然科学基金（41501022）；国家科技基础资源调查专项（2017FY100904）；基本科研业务费（2452020167）