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[摘要]
黑龙江省西部地区频发的干旱情况影响该地区农业水循环与粮食安全,研究玉米水分供需关系对于理解该地区干旱机理有重要意义。根据FAO-56单作物系数法,计算玉米生育期参考作物蒸散量(ET0)、作物需水量(ETc)和灌溉需水量(Ir),依托CROPWAT模型制定灌溉制度,并通过计算作物水分盈亏指数(CW)分析玉米水分盈余情况。结果表明:1960—2015年黑龙江省西部玉米生育期ET0和ETc呈下降趋势,有效降水量(Pe)、Ir和CW呈上升趋势;平均ET0、ETc、Pe和Ir分别为639.64、438.13、224.40和273.87 mm;由于不同水文年干旱条件不同,Pe并不能在所有年份满足玉米水分需求,丰水年、平水年、枯水年和特枯水年的平均净灌溉定额分别为152.43、236.33、276.53和353.47 mm。黑龙江省西部玉米生育期水分供需关系的研究和灌溉制度的制定有助于区域水资源调控和农业发展
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[Abstract]
Frequent drought events threaten the agricultural water cycle and food security in western Heilongjiang Province.Understanding the water supply-requirement relationship is vital to the exploration of drought mechanisms.The reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0),crop water requirement (ETc) and irrigation water requirement (Ir) during the maize growth period were calculated and irrigation schedules were formulated by the FAO-56single crop coefficient method.The water requirement deficit or surplus of maize was analyzed with the crop water surplus deficit index (CW).The results showed that ET0 and ETc decreased,while effective precipitation (Pe),Ir,and CW displayed an increasing trend in the maize growth period in western Heilongjiang Province from 1960 to 2015.The average ET0,ETc,Pe,and Ir were 639.64,438.13,224.40,and 273.87 mm,respectively.Drought conditions varied in different hydrological years,and it was challenging for Pe to meet maize ETc.Therefore,irrigation schedules were formulated for different hydrological years.The average net irrigation quotas of rainy year,normal year,dry year and extremely dry year were 152.43,236.33,276.53,and 353.47 mm,respectively.Analyzing the water requirement deficit or surplus of maize helps better understand the effect of drought on agricultural development.
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