通过分析天津市2000 年- 2011 年的行业用水变化, 得出如下结论: 农田灌溉、工业用水和居民生活用水所占 比例最大, 三者之和约占天津市总用水的90%左右; 天津市人均居民生活用水已经很低, 进一步降低人均用水指标 可能性很小, 提供更为优质的水服务应该是天津市生态文明建设的主要内容, 包括充足的水量和优良的水质; 工业 结构调整、用水效率等都是影响天津工业用水变化的主要因素, 随着工业产业结构的逐步优化, 未来天津市工业用 水将随产值规模逐步增加。天津市农业用水主要受到降雨、耕地面积、种植结构等因素影响。近年来农业用水在天 津市总用水占比呈降低趋势, 不过随着设施农业发展和菜田种植面积的增加, 农业用水占比可能会有所上升。

The w ater uses fo r all industr ies fr om 2000 to 2011 in Tianjin w ere analyzed in this paper. The r esults show ed that ( 1) agr icultural ir rig atio n use, industr ial use, and domestic use account for about 90% o f the to tal water consumptio n; ( 2) the do2 mestic w ater use per capita in Tianjin is v ery low , and there is little r oom fo r saving water by low ering the domestic water use. Pro viding hig h2standard w ater ser vices, such as adequate w ater supply and go od w ater quality, should be the focus o f the ecolog2 ical civilization co nstr uction in Tianjin; ( 3) industr ial water use is affected by o f the im pact factor s including indust rial restruc2 tur ing and w ater use efficiency, and indust ria l water use incr eases with the gr adual o ptimization of industrial structures; and ( 4) agr icultural ir rig atio n w ater use is affected by precipitation, arable area, and plant ing st ruct ur e. T he percentag e o f ag ricultural water use decr eases in recent y ears, but it can incr ease in the near future with the dev elo pment of veg etable plantations and gr eenhouse cr opping .

中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项/ 十二五0 重点科研项目( 筹集1221) ; 水利部公益性行业科研专项( 201301005) ; 国家自然科 学基金项目( 51109112)