利用GRACE重力卫星数据分析了我国及十大流域近十年水储量变化趋势、年变化特征、年内分布特征以及时空分布规律，结合TRMM降水数据分析了水储量与降水的关系。研究结果表明：近十年，中国水储量变化趋势具有空间差异性，西南大部、华北平原及黄河中下游、西北准噶尔盆地一带水储量呈减少趋势，东南部、长江大部分区域、长江黄河源头以及塔里木盆地区域水储量呈增加趋势；中国水储量年变化幅度较小，淮河、海河、珠江、松花江流域振幅较大，西北诸河流域振幅最小，全国除黄河、海河和西北诸河流域外，流域水储量年变化与降水年变化均呈显著正相关，东南诸河、珠江、长江流域相关系数均达0.7以上；年内分布上，我国冬春季水储量亏缺，夏秋季水储量盈余，3月－4月西南诸河及长江流域水储量亏缺严重，7月－9月则盈余较大，华北平原5月－7月水储量有亏缺，其他月份则水储量略为盈余。此外，黄河、长江、东南诸河、西南诸河以及珠江流域水储量与降水量年内分布一致性较好，西北诸河流域2月－4月份水储量与降水一致性较差，其他月份一致性较好，而其它流域则一致性较差。

Water storage change trend, annual change characteristics, intra-year distribution characteristics and spatial-temporal variation characteristics of China and the ten main basins in the last ten years were analyzed using the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) data. The relationship between total water storage and precipitation was analyzed by combining the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) precipitation data. The results were as follows: In the last ten years, China water storage trend showed some different characteristics. Most of China southwest part, North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River, the Junggar Basin of northwest China all showed a decrease in water storage. Meanwhile, southeast of China, most part of Yangtze River Basin, the origin area of Yellow and Yangtze River and Tarim Basin showed an increase. The annual change range of China water storage was very narrow. The annual change ranges of Huaihe, Haihe, Pearl, Songhuajiang river basins were wide and that of Northwest river basin was the narrowest. The water storage annual change in most of river basins had a significant positive correlation with the precipitation change except Yellow River Basin, Haihe Basin and northwest river basins. The correlation coefficients of southeast river basins, Pearl Basin and Yangtze River Basin were more than 0.7. In intra-annual distribution, China water storage was lack in winter and spring, and adequate in summer and autumn. Southwest river basins and Yangtze River Basin showed a severe deficiency in March and April, and showed more surplus from July to September. North China Plain showed a deficiency from May to July and showed a surplus in other months. Yellow River Basin, Yangtze River Basin, southeast river basins, southwest river basins and Pearl Basin showed a good consistence in intra-annual water storage and precipitation. Northwest river basins showed a good consistence except in the period of February to April. The other basins showed a bad consistence.

国家自然科学基金面上项目（41471463）