气候变化和高强度的人类活动对水文循环及其时空演变规律产生了重要影响，原有研究成果已不能真实反映现代条件下的水文变化规律。作为概念性模型的代表，新安江模型已不能适应变化环境下流域综合水文要素的模拟，因此有大量应用基础研究工作亟需加强。为解决这一难题，文章以新安江水文水资源实验站改建项目为例，阐述嵌套式强化观测流域设计方案的应用，在原有设施基础上，嵌套增建了原型小流域及坡地水文综合要素观测场、嵌套式强化观测流域、水文综合实验与分析测试中心及远程接收中心。结果表明该设计方案能够有效的提升数据资源类型及涵盖面，为发展新一代水文模型系统提供数据支撑，为建设流域大气－水文－生态综合模型提供科学依据。

Climate change and intense human activities have an important impact on hydrological cycle and its spatial and temporal evolution. The previous research results can no longer truly reflect the hydrological changes in modern circumstances. As the representative of conceptual models, the Xin'an river model is no longer suitable for the simulation of the comprehensive hydrological elements in the basin, so a lot of basic research work needs to be strengthened. To solve this problem, this paper takes the water resources experiment station of Xin'an river as an example, and expounds the application of the basin-nested enhanced observation scheme in practice. Based on the original facilities, an integrated observation field for prototype basin and slope land hydrology, a nested enhanced observation basin, a center for comprehensive hydrological experiment, analysis and testing, and a remote receiving center will be newly nested. Results show that the scheme can effectively increase data resource types and expand coverage, provide data for both the development of a new-generation hydrologic model system and the construction of an atmospheric-hydrological-ecological integrated model.