针对病险水库除险加固过程中会出现的上游护坡型式改变的情况, 基于物理模型试验, 研究各工况下干砌石 与混凝土两种类型护坡的波浪爬高及越浪情况, 确定护坡类型变化对波浪爬高和坝顶高程的影响。以某水库大坝为例, 采用 1：15 的模型比尺进行了不同护坡型式典型断面的波浪物理模型试验。研究发现, 由于干砌石、混凝土 两种型式护坡的糙渗系数相差 0.15, 干砌石护坡改为混凝土护坡后最大波浪爬高计算值增长 0.56 m, 试验值增长 0.6 m, 此情况下坝顶的现状高程不能满足规范要求; 改变护坡型式后波浪冲击坝顶胸腔而产生的跃浪量也会增加, 胸墙收到的最大波浪压力从 15.9 kPa 增至 17.8 kPa。试验的成果对类似除险加固工程的设计工作具有借鉴意义。

In view of the upstream slope protection type change in the process of the reinfor cement of dangerous reservoirs, we conducted a physical model test to study the wave run-up and overt opping sit uation of the dry masonry slope protection type and the concrete type, and det ermined the effect of slope protection type change on the wave run-up and crest elevation. In this paper, we took a reservoir dam for a case study. A wave physical model test of a typical section of the slope protection types was carried out at the scale of 1：15. The test results showed that the roughness coeff icients of the dry masonry and concrete types differed by 0.15. After the change of slope protection type from dry masonry to concrete, the calculation value of the maximum wave run-up increased by 0.56 m, and the test value increased by 0.6 m. In this condition, the original crest elevation could not meet the standard requirements. In addition, after the change of slope protection, the wave overtopping will also increase. The maximum wave pressure on the parapet will increase from 15.9 kPa to 17.8 kPa. The results of the test can provide a reference to the design of similar reinfor cement projects.

国家自然科学基金 ( 51779155) ; 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项( Y716007)