丘陵地区塘坝系统是适应水资源需求的产物, 是人水和谐的表现。以位于江淮丘陵区的两个小流域( 样区 1 面积 11 14 km2 , 样区 2 面积 11 27 km2 ) 为研究样区, 以高分辨率遥感影像、1B 10000 DEM 以及塘坝实测数据( 面积 和深度) 等为数据源, 构建了塘坝分布地形权重指数( W )、塘坝与土地利用适应性指数( P) 、塘坝水资源供需适应性 指数( R)等, 定量研究塘坝系统水适应性机制。研究表明: 研究样区林草地为主要土地利用类型( > 50% ) , 其次为 耕地( 约 35% ) , 而塘坝在两个样区面积占比分别为 51 8% 和 21 82% 。地形权重指数 W 显示高位塘坝占绝对优势。 塘坝与土地利用适应性指数 P 显示样区 1 适应性较佳, 而样区 2 适应性较差。在频率 85% 的年降水量情景下, 塘 坝供水与耕地综合灌溉需水的供需适应性指数 R 分别为 11 02 和 01 59, 与指数 P 结论相吻合。研究认为, 研究区塘 坝、耕地、地形三者之间具有相互制约和适应的关系。

Pond system in the hilly a rea is a result of the adaptat ion to water demand, embodying t he harmonio us relatio nship be2 tw een w ater resources and human being s. We took tw o small w atersheds ( ? : 11 14 km2 ; ò : 11 27 km2) as the st udy a reas, and developed terrain w eig ht index , pond and land use adaptability index , and w ater supply and demand balance index to quant ita2 tively illustrate the w ater adaptability mechanism o f t he pond system. T he data set included high2resolution remot e sensing ima2 g es, 1B 10000 DEM, and measured data ( depth and size) of the ponds. The results are as follow s. For est and g rassland ( mor e than 50% ) w as the dominant land use ty pe in the study areas. The cultiv ated land ( abo ut 351 5% ) came seco nd. Fa rm ponds co vered o nly 21 82% and 51 8% o f the study areas. The terr ain w eight index es indicated that the high2lying ponds were abso lute2 ly dominant. The land utilizatio n index indicated that study area ? had better adaptability than study area ò . Under the circum2 stance o f precipitation pr obability P= 85% , the water supply and demand balance index was 11 02 and 01 59 r espectiv ely. Ther e wer e restrictions and adaptatio ns betw een the po nds, farmland, and terrain in the study ar ea.

国家自然科学基金( 41571398) ; 安徽省人文社科重点研究基地重点项目( SK2015B28, SK2015A176 ) ; 安徽省教育厅自然科学研 究项目( KJ 2013Z246)