水质现状监测对水环境影响评价、水环境治理具有重要作用。目前, 水质现状监测数据存在监测频率低、监测 难度大、影响因素复杂及信息化程度低等问题。为此, 采用了分布式水文模型对水质监测数据进行补足, 并追根溯 源分析污染物来源。以都匀市剑江河流域为例, 基于水文气象、下垫面数据及仅有的 2010- 2014 年的四个断面不 同步的水质数据, 建立 SWAT 分布式水文模型模拟总磷污染物。结果表明, 使用分布式水文模型不仅可以补足剑 江河流域四个监测断面同期的总磷数据, 还可以追根溯源得出该流域总磷污染主要来源于面源污染, 同时可以分析 出面源污染的空间分布情况以及不同污染类别的占比, 该流域中肥料流失为主要污染源, 尤其是丰水年的污染占比 高达近 66% 。

Water quality mo nitoring play s a significant ro le in w ater envir onment impact assessment and water environment man2 ag ement . The current water quality monito ring data hav e the fo llow ing problems: low monit oring frequency , difficult ies in mo ni2 to ring , complex it y of influencing facto rs, and low level o f informatization. T o make up fo r the abo ve disadv antag es, w e used the distribut ed hydro lo gical model to supplement t he w ater quality mo nitoring data and trace the sour ce of pollutants. A case study was conducted in the Jianjiang Riv er basin. We established a SWAT mo del to simulate the tot al pho sphor us po llut ants based o n the hy dr ometeor olog y, the underly ing surface data, and the wat er qua lity data of fo ur sectio ns from 2010 t o 2014. Results indica2 ted that the dist ributed hydro log ical mo del can not only complement the to tal pho sphor us dat a o f the four monito ring sections in the same perio d, but also t race the so ur ce of total phospho rus pollutio n in t his basin to non2po int source po llut ion, and r ev eal the spatial distributio n o f the non2point so ur ce pollution and the pro po rtions of different pollutio n categ ories. Fert ilizer loss is the main po llution source in this basin, particularly in wet y ea rs, in w hich it acco unted for up to 66% o f po llut ion

国家重点研发计划( 2017YFC0404405) ; 国家自然科学基金( 51379137; 51579162)