近年来, 通过全面推进节水型社会建设, 全国用水总量持续增长势头得到有效遏制, 水资源利用效率明显提 高, 各行业节水取得显著成效。经统计分析, 2016 年较 2010 年总用水量、各行业用水量及占比变化不大, 万元 GDP 用水量下降 36% , 灌溉水有效利用系数由 01 51 提高到 01 54, 万元工业增加值用水量下降 42% , 工业用水重复利用 率提高到了 881 3% , 城镇公共供水管网漏损率维持在 15% 左右。农业、工业、城镇各重点领域现状节水水平与国际 先进水平对比, 仍存在较大差距, 节水型社会建设任重道远。随着中国特色社会主义进入新时代, 对水安全保障提 出了更高要求, 同时气候变化使得经济社会发展与水资源保障矛盾更为突出, 节水工作面临新的形势与挑战。从法 律标准、政策机制、科技创新、计量统计、管理体制、节水宣传等方面深层次探讨了现状节水工作存在的问题, 并提出 新形势下实施国家节水行动的重点及建议。

In recent years, the continuous gr ow th moment um o f national wat er consum ption has been effectively cur bed by pro2 mo ting the construction o f water2sav ing societ y comprehensively . T he utilizatio n efficiency o f wat er r eso urces has been sig nifi2 cantly improv ed, and remarkable achievements have been made in w ater conservat ion in v arious industries. Acco rding to statist i2 cal analysis fr om 2010 to 2016, the to tal w ater co nsumpt ion and the proportio n o f each industr y chang ed little; w ater consump2 tion per 10, 000 yuan GDP fell by 36% ; the utilizatio n coefficient o f irrig at ion w ater increased from 01 51 to 01 54; w ater con2 sumpt ion per 10, 000 yuan of added industria l value fell by 42% ; the w ater2r eusing rate of the indust rial secto r increased to 881 3% ; the leakage r ate of ur ban public water supply pipe netw or k maintaied ar ound 15% . T her e is a lar ge gap betw een the current lev el of China and the internatio nal adv anced level in terms of water co nser vatio n in agriculture, industry and urban a re2 as. The co nstr uction of w ater2saving society has a long w ay to g o. As socialism w it h Chinese char act eristics enters the new era, ther e raises higher r equirements o n w ater security. At the same time, climate change has intensified the co nt radiction betw een e2 conom ic and social development and water resources security . T he water conservat ion cause faces a new situat ion and challen2 g es. This r esear ch discussed in2dept h the pro blems ex isting in the curr ent situation o f wat er conservat ion w or k in terms of the leg al standard, policy mechanism, scientific and techno lo gical innov ation, st at istical measur ement, manag ement system, and w ater co nser vatio n publicity . It puts forwar d the key points and sugg est ions for water co nser vatio n w or k in the new situat ion.

国家重点研发计划( 2018YFC0406505)