虚拟水消费变化对水资源需求有很大影响，分析居民膳食虚拟水消费及其差异性对于构建健康的消费模式有重要意义。核算并分析2000－2015年京津冀居民膳食虚拟水的消费情况，并对造成虚拟水消费差异的影响因素进行分析。结果表明：北京、天津、河北年均居民膳食虚拟水消费为9833亿m3、5744亿m3和24002亿m3，虚拟水消费量呈明显的上升趋势，给区域水资源安全保障带来更大压力；人均居民膳食虚拟水消费区域差异明显，整体表现为城镇高于农村，北京市高于天津市高于河北省。居民膳食虚拟水消费多样性指数整体呈现上升趋势，城乡差异显著，城镇居民高于农村居民，但城乡差距逐渐缩小；肉类、食用油等单位质量虚拟水含量高的产品消费量不同是造成人均膳食虚拟水消费差异的重要原因，而且粮食生产力提高对于减少居民人均膳食虚拟水消费也有重要作用。根据研究结果，建议通过提高产品水产用水效率、构建合理的消费结构、引导健康的饮食消费习惯等对膳食虚拟水消费需求进行调控。

The characteristics of virtual water consumption have great impacts on water resources demand,therefore,it is of significance to investigate virtual water consumption and its differences of resident diet to build a healthy consumption model.This paper analyzed the residents′ dietary virtual water consumption in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region from 2000 to 2015,and explored their influencing factors.Results showed that a) The average annual dietary virtual water consumption during 2000-2015 was 9 833 billion m3,5.744 billion m3 and 24 002 billion m3 in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei,respectively.The virtual water consumption also showed an obvious increasing trend,which could bring critical pressure to the regional water resources security;b)The residents′dietary virtual water consumption per capita was higher in Beijing than those of Tianjin and Hebei,and was higher in urban than that of rural areas;c) The consumption diversity index of residents′ dietary virtual water consumption also showed an upward trend,and it was higher in urban than that of rural areas as well.However,the gap was becoming narrowing gradually with time;d)The difference from consumption of high virtual water,such as meat and edible oil,was the main reasons for virtual water consumption.The improvement of grain productivity plays an important role in reducing the virtual water consumption per capita.The regulations of virtual water remand can be used to improve the efficiency of water consumption,construct a more reasonable consumption structure,and guide healthy consumption habits.

国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0401402）；国家自然科学基金（51679089；51709107）