水资源和土地资源的开发利用程度及匹配关系决定了一个地区的经济发展规模和生态安全形势。为了客观地评价我国水土资源的空间匹配情况，以我国346个地市级行政区为研究对象，分析了2005年、2010年、2015年各地市级行政区的水资源开发利用率和土地资源开发利用率，并通过基尼系数法探讨了不同省级行政区的水土匹配特征。计算结果表明：华北平原、河西走廊和塔里木盆地西侧地区是我国水资源开发里程度最高的地区；东北平原、华北平原、关中平原、四川盆地以及广东沿海地区是我国土地资源开发利用程度最高的地区；甘肃、陕西、内蒙古和西藏是我国水土空间匹配状况差距最悬殊的省份，其中甘肃、陕西和内蒙古水土匹配差异悬殊是由于当地水资源无法支撑如此多的土地资源，西藏则是由于大量的水资源无法被当地短缺的土地资源充分利用。

The degree of utilization of water and land resources and their matching patterns not only determine the scale of economic development,but also affect regional ecological security.In order to objectively evaluate the spatial matching of the water and land resources in China, data from 346 municipal districts were used in this study to analyze the development conditions of water and land resources in China in 2005,2010 and 2015,respectively,and the Gini coefficient was also used to explore the matching characteristics of water and land resources in different provinces. It was found that the North China Plain,the Hexi Corridor and the western part of the Tarim Basin were the regions having the highest development degree of water resources in China.The Northeast Plain,the North China Plain,the Guanzhong Plain,the Sichuan Basin and the coastal areas of Guangdong were the regions having the highest development degree of land resources. In addition,Gansu,Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia and Tibet were the provinces with the widest gap between water and land resources,among which Gansu,Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia had the widest gap because the water resources could not support the local land resources,while Tibet was due to the land resources being unable to match rich water resources.

国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0401300）；国家杰出青年科学基金（51625904）