近年来, 一种发生速度较快、破坏程度较高、预报难度较大的新干旱类型)) ) / 骤发干旱0 被提出之后, 随着美 国 2012 年特大干旱的爆发, 骤发干旱的研究引起了美国社会的高度重视, 我国及其他国家的有关研究也迅速展开。 介绍了骤发干旱定义的认识及深化过程, 由最初定义的热浪型骤发干旱扩展为热浪型骤发干旱与降水短缺型骤发 干旱两种。从地面气象观测数据为主、实测与模拟土壤含水量为主、遥感分析与解译技术为主三个方面归纳了识 别与监测骤发干旱的现有方法。总结了骤发干旱发生机理与时空变化特征方面的进展, 对骤发干旱的研究前景进 行了展望。

In r ecent years, a new concept of dr ought called flash drought has occurred at a rapid r ate w ith a hig h deg ree of damag e and which is hard to pr edict. Wit h the outbreak of an ex tremely severe dro ug ht in the Unit ed States in 2012, the st udy of flash dr ought has been paid r emarkable at tention in the US. T he research o n flash dr ought has beg un rapidly in China and o ther co un2 tries. T his paper intr oduced the connotation of f lash dr ought and its deepening process, w hich w as dr awn2out fr om sing le heat wav e f lash dr ought to ano ther pr ecipitation deficit flash dr ought. T he exist ing metho ds of identifying and monito ring o f flash dr ought wer e summarized based on thr ee sources, such as the gr ound meteo ro log ical data, the measured and simulated soil mo is2 tur e, and the remo te sensing ana lysis and interpretat ion t echniques. Furthermore, the pro gr ess of the mechanism and spatiotem2 por al characteristics of flash dro ug ht wer e summarized and the research prospects o f flash dr ought w ere pro po sed.

国家自然科学基金( 41907384) ; 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金( 19YJCZH259 ); 中国博士后科学基金( 2019M650072) ; 美国 NOAA 资助项目( NA17OAR4310132)