河道漂浮垃圾引起的水体环境污染问题日益严重, 对生物多样性及人体健康安全和生态环境具有重要影响。 以日本爱知县名古屋市的庄内川水系中的一级河川堀川为研究对象, 根据河岸凹槽水动力特性, 设计漂浮垃圾收集 装置。利用装置内挡水板改变水流状态, 引导水流带动漂浮垃圾流入凹槽结构, 达到收集效果。首先采用模拟软件 iRIC 对河道进行数值模拟, 确定合适的试验模型尺寸比例, 设计室内试验装置, 在一定的水动力条件下, 进行室内 模型试验研究, 通过调整收集装置内凹槽长度和内墙长度, 设定不同工况进行试验, 获得具体漂浮垃圾收集率结果。 在此基础上, 对试验结果进行分析比较, 发现随着凹部长度和内墙长度的增加, 装置的收集效率都会呈现出不同程 度的提高。

Wat er envir onmental pollution caused by floating gar bag e in rivers is increasingly w orse, and sev erely affects biodiver2 sit y, human health and eco systems. In this paper, a flo ating g arbag e co llect ion dev ice is desig ned acco rding to the hydro dy namic char acteristics of t he channel in Nago ya City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The r etaining plate in the device is used to change the flow stat e, and the flow is g uided to drive the flo ating w aste into the g roo ve str ucture, so as to achiev e the collectio n effect. First of all, the simulation so ftwa re iRIC is used to simulate the water, the appr opriat e scale of the test mo del is determ ined, and the in2 doo r ex periment al device is designed. Under certain hydrodynamic co nditions, the indoo r model test research is carried o ut . By adjusting the g ro ov e leng th and the inner wa ll length of t he co llect ing device, and setting different w or king conditio ns t o carry on the test, t he concr ete floating g arbag e collectio n rate results a re o bta ined. On this basis, the test r esults are ana lyzed and com2 pared, and it is found that w ith the increase of co ncav e lengt h and inner w all leng th, the co llect ion efficiency of the device w ill improv e.

国家自然科学基金( 41272249; 41301021)