随着社会经济的发展和人口的增加, 我国能源和粮食需求持续增加, 水资源短缺对其制约日益显现。为更深 入地研究水资源、能源和粮食之间的关系, 采用 31 个省、自治区、直辖市的实测统计并与定额推算相结合的方法, 对 能源开发利用和粮食生产种植的用水总量和过程进行分析。结果表明: 2015 年, 煤炭开采洗选、火电行业、煤化工 行业中的合成氨、炼焦行业的用水量分别占煤炭全生命周期用水量的 21 9% ~ 41 4% 、901 4% ~ 941 8% 、11 5% ~ 21 6% 、01 8% ~ 21 7% , 煤炭全生命周期用水量合计达 5061 7 亿~ 5311 5 亿 m3 , 占工业用水总量的 381 0% ~ 391 8% ; 农田灌溉用水量占农业用水总量的 871 7% , 实际亩均灌溉用水量 394 m3 , 单位粮食产量的用水量为 5431 3 m3。研 究成果可为水、能源、粮食之间的关系提供参考。

Social-eco nomic dev elo pment and t he incr ease of populatio n escalated Chinac s energ y and fo od demand, w hile the sho rtag e o f wat er resour ces is g radua lly constrained. In or der to further study the relat ionship betw een w ater resour ces, energ y and foo d, this paper uses t he method of actual measurement st at istics o f 31 prov inces and combined w it h quota estimatio n to an2 alyze the total water use and pr ocess of ener gy development and food pr oduction and planting . The results show ed that in 2015, the w ater consumption of synthetic ammonia and co king industr y in coal mining and washing, thermal pow er industr y and coal chemical industry acco unted for 21 9% ~ 41 4% , 901 4% ~ 941 8% , 11 5% ~ 21 6%, 01 8% ~ 21 7% of the total life cycle of coal, re2 spect ively. The t otal water co nsumption of coal has r eached 5061 7~ 531 15 billio n m3 , account ing for 381 0% ~ 391 8% of the to2 tal industrial w ater co nsumption. The irrigation w ater co nsumption of fa rmland accounted fo r 871 7% o f the total ag ricultural water use, the actual irrig at ion w ater consumptio n per mu w as 394 m3 , and the w ater consumptio n per unit of g rain output w as 5431 3 m3 / t. The research results can pr ovide a r efer ence for the water2ener gy2food link.

国家重点研发计划( 2017YFC0404603) ; 山西省水利厅重点项目( SXSSL T2SZYC2YJ22017201)